This study aims to empirically analyze the main determinants of agricultural labor productivity in the Turkish economy using data for the period 1993-2024. Agricultural value added per worker is employed as the dependent variable, while exchange rate, digitalization, per capita income, and trade openness are included in the model as independent variables. The long-run and short-run dynamics among the variables are examined within the ARDL framework. The results indicate the existence of a long-run cointegration relationship among the variables. According to the findings, per capita income and the exchange rate have a statistically significant and positive impact on agricultural productivity in the long run. Digitalization, proxied by internet usage, exhibits a positive but limited effect, whereas trade openness is found to be statistically insignificant. The negative and significant error correction term suggests that short-run deviations are rapidly adjusted toward the long-run equilibrium. Diagnostic test results confirm that the model is free from issues such as autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity, and that the parameter estimates remain stable over the sample period. The findings highlight the importance of accelerating digital transformation processes, maintaining macroeconomic stability, and supporting sectoral modernization policies to enhance agricultural productivity in Türkiye.